What it is
Leuprolide is a man-made version of GnRH. Given continuously, it first boosts and then shuts down the pituitary's signals to the testes or ovaries.
This lowers testosterone or estrogen to very low levels, which is useful for hormone-driven cancers and conditions.
US regulatory status
FDA-approved for advanced prostate cancer, endometriosis, uterine fibroids (with iron, before surgery), and central precocious puberty, depending on the product. It is available as several long-acting injections given every one to six months.
What the research shows
Leuprolide is well studied and is a standard part of treatment for advanced prostate cancer and central precocious puberty. Trials also support its use for endometriosis pain and shrinking fibroids.
How it is given
Intramuscular or subcutaneous depot injection
Commonly reported side effects
- Hot flashes
- Injection site reactions
- Tiredness
- Lower sex drive
- Bone thinning with long-term use
- Mood changes
Questions to ask your provider
- How long will I need leuprolide?
- What can I do to protect my bones and heart while on it?
- What should I expect during the first weeks (the flare period)?