What it is
MOTS-c is a small peptide made from instructions in mitochondrial DNA, the DNA inside the cell's energy factories. It was discovered in 2015.
In animal studies it helps muscles use glucose and acts like a signal released during exercise. Levels appear to drop with age.
US regulatory status
Not FDA-approved. In April 2026 the FDA removed it from its Category 2 list of compounding substances with safety concerns, and in July 2026 an FDA advisory committee voted 7-5 to recommend adding it to the list of substances pharmacies may compound. As of October 2026 that recommendation is not final: it still needs FDA rulemaking, a proposed interim access policy was under White House review, and it remains an unapproved drug.
What the research shows
Evidence comes mainly from mice, where MOTS-c improved insulin sensitivity and exercise capacity. A related drug candidate entered early human testing, but there are no solid human trials showing benefits for weight, metabolism or aging.
How it is given
Subcutaneous injection (unapproved)
Commonly reported side effects
- Injection site reactions
- Fatigue
- Possible changes in blood sugar
- Very limited human safety data
Questions to ask your provider
- What does the research really show about MOTS-c in humans?
- Are there FDA-approved treatments for my goal that have stronger evidence?
- What are the risks of products labeled "research use only," and how would I know what is really in them?