What it is
Oxytocin is a natural hormone made in the brain. It causes the uterus to contract during labor and helps release breast milk.
It is sometimes called the "bonding hormone" because it also plays a role in social behavior, which has led to research on nasal oxytocin for social and mental health conditions.
US regulatory status
FDA-approved (Pitocin and generics) for use in a hospital to start or strengthen labor contractions and to control bleeding after delivery. Its boxed warning says it should not be used for elective induction of labor; no nasal or other at-home oxytocin is FDA-approved.
What the research shows
Oxytocin's use in labor and postpartum bleeding is well established. Studies of nasal oxytocin for autism, anxiety and social issues have been mixed, and a large trial in children and teens with autism did not find a benefit.
How it is given
Intravenous infusion or intramuscular injection (hospital use)
Commonly reported side effects
- Overly strong or frequent contractions
- Nausea and vomiting
- Irregular heartbeat
- Water retention and low sodium (with long use)
- Changes in baby's heart rate
Questions to ask your provider
- Why are you recommending oxytocin during my labor?
- How will you monitor me and my baby?
- What are my other options?