What it is
Semax is a synthetic peptide based on a piece of ACTH, a pituitary hormone. It was developed in Russia, where it is used as a nasal spray.
Researchers think it may raise levels of BDNF, a protein that supports brain cells. It is promoted online for focus and memory.
US regulatory status
Not FDA-approved; it is approved in Russia for conditions such as stroke recovery. In April 2026 the FDA removed it from its Category 2 list of compounding substances with safety concerns, and in July 2026 an FDA advisory committee voted 8-5 to recommend adding it to the list of substances pharmacies may compound. As of October 2026 that recommendation is not final: it still needs FDA rulemaking, a proposed interim access policy was under White House review, and it remains an unapproved drug.
What the research shows
Research comes mostly from Russia and includes small studies in stroke patients and animal work on brain function. There are no large, independent trials showing it improves memory or focus in healthy people.
How it is given
Nasal spray (approved outside the US)
Commonly reported side effects
- Nasal irritation
- Headache
- Sleep changes
- Limited safety data outside Russia
Questions to ask your provider
- What proven options exist for my memory or focus concerns?
- Could Semax affect my blood pressure, sleep or other medicines?
- Why is a drug approved in Russia not approved here?